Southeast Asian Geopolitical Dynamics
Prashanth Parameswaran presents a strategic framework known as the “three Ps”—priorities, pathways, and partnerships—to analyze Southeast Asian geopolitical dynamics. The first “P,” priorities, emphasizes the ongoing geopolitical competition between the U.S. and China as a key issue. However, Parameswaran points out that different countries have varying concerns, such as post-pandemic economic growth, regional stability, and the state of international institutions. Major power competition is a top priority but must be balanced with these other pressing concerns.
The second “P,” pathways, focuses on how countries are navigating these priorities through different mechanisms. While competition between major powers is one pathway, countries also rely on multilateral institutions like ASEAN and new coalitions such as the Quad. Southeast Asian nations have mixed feelings about these institutions, with some engaging selectively. Additionally, there are increasing collaborations between regional countries, such as partnerships between Indonesia and Vietnam, to address cross-border challenges, showcasing various diplomatic and economic strategies.
The final “P,” partnerships, examines the roles of the U.S., China, and other middle powers like Japan and Australia. While the U.S. is often seen as a security partner, it also plays a significant role in private investment and education. China, traditionally viewed as an economic player, is gradually expanding its security influence in the region. Both nations face challenges—trust issues for China and economic coordination difficulties for the U.S. As they compete for influence in the region, both must address their limitations and leverage their strengths effectively.
This video is part of the Center’s series on Regional Policy.
Speaker Biography
Prashanth Parameswaran is a fellow at the Wilson Center, a senior columnist at The Diplomat, and an advisor at BowerGroupAsia. He teaches at the U.S. State Department and Pentagon and founded ASEAN Wonk, a bestselling newsletter providing insights on Southeast Asia and Indo-Pacific geopolitics. With experience in various think tanks, government roles, and media, he has worked at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, Singapore’s Ministry of Trade and Industry, and the Associated Press.
Parameswaran has conducted field research in all eleven Southeast Asian countries and consulted for companies and governments. He has published over 2,000 articles and commentaries in prominent outlets such as CNN, The Washington Post, and The Straits Times. His 2022 book, “Elusive Balances: Shaping U.S.-Southeast Asia Strategy,” offers a unique “balance of commitment” approach to U.S. involvement in Southeast Asia, along with policy recommendations for future administrations. He holds a PhD and MA in international business and relations from the Fletcher School at Tufts University and a BA in foreign affairs and peace studies from the University of Virginia.
